Common Types of Aircraft Actuators and Their Functions

Capable of converting energy into mechanical motion, actuators serve as a basic element of modern aircraft design that enables the movement and control of many flight-critical systems and equipment. Whether it is to open a cargo door or extend landing gear, there are many actuators available to meet specific needs and operations. In this blog, we will provide insight into the most common types of actuators used in aircraft design, focusing on their unique characteristics and functions in flight.

With hydraulic systems being one of the common sources of power for carrying out tasks, the hydraulic actuator is one of the most prevalent types within aircraft. By harnessing fluid pressure to create movement, such actuators are known to be extremely powerful and capable of handling large loads. This makes them very suitable for the deployment and retraction of landing gear systems, the adjustment of flight control systems, and the management of braking mechanisms. While offering substantial force while relatively compact in size, hydraulic actuators require a constant source of pressurized fluid and maintenance of hydraulic lines to prevent the chance of leaks and performance losses.

In addition to hydraulic actuators, pneumatic actuators are also widely used in aircraft systems. While operating on a similar principle to hydraulic actuators, these devices use compressed air to derive the force necessary for carrying out work. This allows for quick response times and low overall system weight, at the expense of lacking the exact power output of hydraulic options. As a result, they find use in applications where speed is more important than strength, such as the operation of cabin pressure control systems, valve adjustments, and more.

As the last major category we will discuss, electromagnetic actuators are those that leverage magnetic fields to create motion, either through linear or rotational displacement. As such, they do not necessitate any fluids to create their pressure, simplifying their overall functionality and design. Generally, the advantage of these devices is their rapid response times and ample level of control that makes them beneficial for aircraft control systems. Similar to pneumatic actuators, these options also lack the same level of power or force offered by hydraulic systems.

Beyond these three common types, there are also hybrid variations that combine aspects of multiple technologies. For example, electro-hydraulic actuators use electrical power to control hydraulic movement, providing the benefits of both. These hybrid actuators can offer improved precision, especially in fly-by-wire systems, where electronic signals replace mechanical linkages in aircraft control systems. Generally, electro-hydraulic systems are most common in modern commercial and military aircraft as a result of their versatility and ability to improve fuel efficiency.

When it comes to choosing between the many solutions that are available on the market, there are a number of important factors one should consider. While finding options that provide the amount of force necessary for actuation is absolutely vital, so too is having one that meets any space or weight restrictions. Additionally, the types of systems present on the aircraft will also have weight in the decision-making process, as general aviation aircraft that are devoid of more advanced hydraulic system equipment will likely not benefit as much from hydraulic actuators. By taking into account your aircraft and its specific requirements, finding the right fit should be fairly straightforward.

In addition to selecting the correct actuator type, proper maintenance and regular inspections are also necessary to ensure that these components continue to function efficiently and safely over time. Hydraulic systems in particular must be regularly checked for leaks and contamination, while pneumatic systems may require inspections of air compressors and filters to maintain optimal performance. As actuators themselves face continued wear and tear with use, they should be repaired or replaced when necessary to prevent performance loss or system failure.

Here at Rapid Aero, we can help you secure all of the aviation actuators you require with highly competitive pricing, on-time delivery, and quality assurance as a guarantee. With over 2 billion products available for purchase, we are able to address diverse needs to help customers reduce the amount of sources they need to fulfill all operations. Take the time to explore all that we currently feature, and team members are always just a call or email away for any desired consultation or service. We also have online Request for Quote (RFQ) forms for obtaining pricing through our website, so do not hesitate to get started today!